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Volume 13 (3); September 25, 2023

Research Paper

Morphometric and microbiological features of ventilator associated tracheobronchitis

Ibadov RA, Azizova GM, Ibragimov SK.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(3): 48-52, 2023; pii:S225199392300007-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.7

Abstract

Changes in the composition of the microbiota of the tracheobronchial tree in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation can contribute to various disorders of the immune defense of the respiratory tract, damaging mucociliary clearance, and cause a strong inflammatory response, including the formation of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT). The aim was to study the specifics of changes in the microflora and histopathology of the tracheobronchial tree in VAT. Over a 10 year period 975 bacteriological analyzes were carried out in 355 patients who were on extended mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. VAT is accompanied by a pronounced lymphoid-neutrophilic infiltration of the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi, and in a complicated course with the presence of a purulent-inflammatory and erosive-hemorrhagic component leads to a violation of the integrity of tissues due to destruction and necrosis. The leading pathogens were representatives of gram-negative flora of 65.8% (47-76%), gram-positive flora was detected in 17.5% (10-30%) of cases, fungi of the genus Candida in 16.5 (4-42%) cases. Analysis of the antibiograms of isolated cultures in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation shows high resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, namely: acinetobacter spp. - high resistance to all antibiotics, except for imipenem (0% resistant strains), polymyxin (0%) and tetracyclines (7-15.4%). Imipenem (10.5%), polymyxin (10.5%), amikacin (31.5%) and cefoperazone/sulbactam (31.5%) are active against Esherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae was susceptible to imipenem, amikacin, ofloxacin and inhibitor-protected antibiotics-cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam. Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to III generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone) and tetracyclines - 36.3% of resistant strains. Microbiological monitoring in patients with VAT over a 10-year period revealed a trend towards the prevalence of gram-negative microflora inoculation, and over the past two years, the range of isolated multi-resistant flora has been expanding.
Keywords: Prolonged mechanical ventilation, Nosocamial infection, Ventilator associated tracheobronchitis, Microbiology, Histopathology

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Research Paper COVID-19

COVID-19-induced cardiovascular complexities

Ibadov RR, Akilov KA, and Ibragimov SK.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(2): 53-58, 2023; pii:S225199392300008-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.8 

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the features of the clinical course of COVID-19 in combination with the pathology of the cardiovascular system (CVS). A prospective study was carried out. The main group (n=150) consisted of patients with changes in the cardiovascular system associated with COVID-19, i.e. newly diagnosed CV pathology, and patients with exacerbation of cardiac pathology against the background of COVID-19. The comparison group (n=154) included patients with COVID-19, but without any significant concomitant cardiac pathology. The average age of patients in the main group was 67.7 years (from 47 to 86 years), in the comparison group of 66.1 years (from 48 to 88 years). The study groups were representative and did not differ statistically in the nature of COVID-19 symptoms and the degree of lung involvement. Among the cardiac pathology, progressing or first occurring against the background of infection with COVID-19, in most cases, arterial hypertension of II-III degree (60.0%), coronary heart disease (48.7%), arrhythmias (23.3%) were diagnosed. Echocardiographic abnormalities included right ventricular dysfunction (22.7%), left ventricular contractility disorders (18.7%), with decreased ejection fraction (17.3%), diastolic dysfunction (14.0%), and toxic myocarditis (7.3%). The most significant risk factors were the presence of a burdened medical history (RR=10.39), elevated body mass index over 30 (RR=2.63) and diabetes mellitus (RR=1.55). In patients with COVID-19 in combination with CVS pathology, a relatively high incidence of acute onset (64.0% vs. 44.2%; p<0.001), respiratory failure (83.7% vs. 62.0%; p<0.001), admission to the intensive care unit (25.3% vs. 11.7%; p=0.004), development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (20.0% vs. 9.1%; p=0.012), hospital mortality (10.7% vs. 2.7%; p=0.006). Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 included focal or global myocardial inflammation, ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, and arrhythmias. A high frequency of acute onset of the disease, respiratory failure and hospital mortality is determined.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, cardiovascular system, clinical course, comparative analysis

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Volume 13 (1); March 25, 2023

Systematic Review  COVID-19

The diagnostic accuracy of currently available laboratory tests compared to PCR test for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Birhan M.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(1): 01-11, 2023; pii:S225199392300001-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.1 

Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV-2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal and pandemic viral disease that is of great global public health concern and high transmutation rate and mechanisms. A comprehensive systematic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to find articles published until March 30, 2020. All relevant articles that reported clinical characteristics and laboratory result information of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis. Based on our analysis, however, articles not used RT-PCR and CT as were excluded all of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) were homogeneous (I2=94.58% and p≤0.001) statistical tests showed no publication bias/small study effect. Accordingly, the result of meta-analysis illustrated that RT-PCR increased cases of laboratory confirmation by more than 99% (95% CI: -1.3.0; 4.74) than other laboratory tests. As a result, this finding, is recommended to pilot and scale-up well and accurate laboratory techniques is used in developing countries, and is essential to prevent and control the pandemic diseases with spread in the world. However, it is recommended to further investigate the adverse effects of Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before fully implementing the confirmation.

Keywords: COVID-19; Comprehensive systematic review; Meta-analysis; RT-PCR

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Review

Therapeutic aspects of dietary fibre and glycemic index: a brief review

Ahsan H.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(1): 12-16, 2023; pii:S225199392300002-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.2

Abstract

Simple sugars, complex polysaccharides, and dietary fibres are all examples of dietary carbohydrates. A healthy diet should consist of more complex and less added carbohydrates. Dietary fibre is a non-digestible carbohydrate that is not digested and absorbed by the body but is required for satiety and bowel motility. Dietary fibre contains cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, and lignin, which are resistant to enzymatic digestion. Various components of dietary fibre include arabinoxylan, inulin, β-glucan, pectin, bran, and resistant starches. Dietary fibre is a carbohydrate that resists digestion and absorption in the large intestine and may or may not be fermented by bacteria. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced in the gut by the breakdown of fibre by intestinal microorganisms and offer energy calories (2 kcal/g). Dietary guidelines recommend increasing the dietary fibre intake since a high fibre intake provides health benefits and prevents dietary and life-style diseases. The aim of the present review article is to understand and suggest better dietary carbohydrates containing high fibre with low glycemic index for the prevention of diabetes, obesity and lifestyle diseases. The different types of carbohydrates in the diet need further recommendation to elucidate its function in health and diseases.

Keywords: Carbohydrates; Fibre; Glucose; Glycemic Index; Short Chain Fatty Acids; Energy; Nutrition; Sugars

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Research Paper

Evaluating the effectiveness of isolated fungi against Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Abera HD, and Emana GD.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(1): 17-24, 2023; pii:S225199392300003-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.3

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda, also known as the fall armyworm (FAW), is a polyphagous, destructive, and internationally dispersed insect pest that poses a serious danger to the production of cereals in Africa. Entomopathogens are a safe and environmentally beneficial way to control insect infestations when the all types of insecticides being used to control FAW are linked to a range of serious human health problems from respiratory to cancer. The objective of this study was to identify fungi from local soil that were effective against S. frugiperda larvae. Aluminum foil was used to gather soil samples from various maize growing regions in Ethiopia. Fungi isolated from soil samples and suspended conidia preparation was done in the mycology lab of Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia. At Melkasa Agricultural Research Center a bioassay test was conducted on S. frugiperda larvae. Three replications and a fully randomized design was used to set up the six treatments for the experiment. Twenty FAW larvae (3^rd instar) were put into sterile Petri dishes with a diameter of 9 cm and a filter paper lining. A new, unopened syringe was used to inject 3 ml of the suspended solution into each treatment. As a negative control, distilled and sterilized water was used. FAW larval mortality was measured and examined independently for each treatment using GLM, followed by a Tukey's HSD post-hoc test. The cumulative mortality rate (P = 0.0001) and second-day mortality rate (P = 0.001) showed a significant difference between regimens. These noteworthy variations were seen in third instar larvae. S. frugiperda larvae from isolation fungi F1 and F5 had the highest (96.67%) and lowest (80.0%) mean cumulative death rates. Under negative control, the mean cumulative mortality rate was 8.33%. The outcomes showed that S. frugiperda could potentially be controlled by fungal isolates found in maize fields. Conidial concentration, as well as field evaluation, characterisation, and species identification of isolate fungi, all require more study.

Keywords: Entomopathogens, Fall armyworm, Isolate fungi, Polyphagous, Environmental health

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Volume 13 (2); June 25, 2023

Research Paper

Prevention of alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease in Chad

Djimadoum M, Nadlaou B, Kaboro M, Christian D, Alio HM, Kimassoum R.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(2): 35-41, 2023; pii:S225199392300005-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.5 

Abstract

The objective of this study was to contribute to the prevention of anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease (DS) in Chad. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 2021 to June 2022 in sickle cell patients regularly followed in two University Hospital Centers (CHU) in N'Djamena. The search for irregular antibodies was carried out by a combination of three techniques: indirect anti-globulin test (Coombs), enzymatic test (Papain) and the test in a low ionic strength medium, in a partner laboratory of the National Blood Transfusion Center in France. The study included 57 sickle cell patients, 45 of whom (78.9%) were actually transfused. Sickle cell patients accounted for 84.2% of cases. The sex ratio Male/Female (M/F) was 1.03. The average age of the transfused was 9.3 ± 5.4 years. Four of the transfused patients (8.8%) had produced 7 antibodies including 85.7% anti-rhesus and 14.3% anti-Kell. Age, sex and number of blood units were associated with antibody production with probabilities of 0.046, 0.041 and 0.035, respectively. In view of the results obtained from this study, we recommend the application of the blood transfusion rules and procedures in force in Chad.

Keywords: Allo-immunization, sickle cell disease, prevention, Chad

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Case Report

A proposed new method of hemostasis for erosive-hemorrhagic complications of the trachea and bronchi

Azizova GM, Ibragimov SK, Arifjanov AS, Ibadov RA.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 13(2): 42-47, 2023; pii:S225199392300006-13

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2023.6  

Abstract

Ventilator-associated complications are the most frequent ones that prevent the recovery of intensive care patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic treatment of acute hemorrhagic lesions of the tracheobronchial tree in patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis. A total of 5 patients (22.4±3.3 mean age, 18 to 36 years) with prolonged mechanical ventilation (>48 hours) in the resuscitation and intensive care unit were monitored. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis was established on the basis of clinical signs, radiological and microbiological criteria. Fine-dispersed powder with hemostatic properties (HEMOBEN) was used as a hemostatic agent when applying the method. A morphometric study noted that ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis is accompanied by a pronounced lymphoid-neutrophilic infiltration of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa (signs of diffuse catarrhal inflammation of varying degrees and erosive deforming endobronchitis are verified), and in a complicated course with the presence of a purulent-inflammatory and erosive-hemorrhagic component with its vascularization and metaplastic changes and violations of the integrity of the epithelial lining also leads to a violation of the integrity of tissues due to destruction and necrosis. Hence, a method has been developed to stop bleeding in case of mucosal damage by local application of HEMOBEN, which allows us to quickly cover the bleeding surface with an adequate hemostatic effect.

Keywords: Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, prolonged mechanical ventilation, clinic, endoscopic treatment, pathomorphological changes

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Volume 12 (6); November 25, 2022

Research Paper

Assessment of the diets and food security of households hosting and not hosting internally displaced persons in the Kora, Burkina Faso

Kobyagda B, Hama-Ba F, Tarnagda B, Ouedraogo O, Zoungrana B, Savadogo A.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 12(6): 97-107, 2022; pii:S225199392200012-12

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2022.12

Abstract

Introduction. Terrorism is escalating in the Sahel region of Africa, forcing massive population displacement and worsening food insecurity. Aim. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of food insecurity within households hosting internally displaced persons (IDP), known as host households, compared to households not hosting internally displaced persons, known as non-host households in the Kora area in Burkina Faso. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2020 at the Kora area and included 70 host households and 73 non-host households. Results. Most of the households had smallholding and were living from subsistence farming. Host households had better quality diets in terms of diet diversification compared to non-host households. In addition, the non-host household were the most vulnerable in terms of food insecurity. Factors associated with household food insecurity were household status (i.e. host or non-host household) and the occupation (i.e. function) of the head of the households. Conclusion. Food assistance received by IDPs improved the quality of food for their host families but did not protect them from food insecurity with all its consequences. Recommendation. The Burkinabe state, in collaboration with the concerned stakeholders should promote good dietary diversity practices, improve food availability and access and monitor host households and provide them with substantial food aid without forget the non-host households which are also exposed.

Keywords: Kora, Food diversity, Food insecurity, Internally displaced persons.

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Research Paper

Survival rates and quality of life of patients after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Zufarov MM, Makhkamov NK, and Khafizov TN.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 12(6): 108-114, 2022; pii:S225199392200013-12

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2022.13

Abstract

Introduction. Aim. This study aimed to assess patients' quality of life of patients after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Methods. The clinical data of 42 patients (mean age of 58.7±4.1 years, 32 men, 10 women) underwent TEVAR from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 2.7±0.25 years. The thoracic aortic aneurysm was diagnosed in 11 out of 42 cases. TEVAR was performed in 31 of 42 patients with aortic dissection (24 cases had type B, 4 cases had type "neither A nor B", and 3 had type A). Hybrid surgeries were performed in 12 patients, including 3 significant surgeries with prosthetics of the ascending and aortic arch, 3 cases with parallel carotid-subclavian bypass, and 6 of patients with stenting of the common carotid artery and endoprosthesis replacement of the left subclavian artery. Results. The cumulative survival rate at 30 days was 97.6%, 6-month survival was 88.1%, and 3-year survival was 85.7%. The dynamics of assessments by SF-36 domains showed that after TEVAR, vital activity and mental health fields were the most effective. So, if before TEVAR in the binding activity domain, the average quality of life was 63.8±7.2, then after 12 months, the indicator increased with a statistically significant differenceto 86.2±6.4 (P<0.001). The patient's mental health improved significantly with SF-36 scores after TEVAR rate of 77.4±4.4. Also. All other domains enhanced considerably compared to the pre-TEVAR survey results (P<0.01). Conclusion. TEVAR showed high efficiency with significant improvement in the general condition and quality of life of patients.

Keywords: Aneurysms  and dissections of the thoracic aorta, Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), Survival, Quality of life

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Research Paper

Food consumption and dietary diversity associated with breastfeeding mod of children aged 6-23 months in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Bougma S, Kagambega B, Tapsoba F, Sanou A, Songre-Ouattara LT and Savadogo A.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 12(6): 115-123, 2022; pii:S225199392200014-12

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jlsb.2022.14

Abstract

Background. To provide the essential needs that the body requires, it is necessary to consume a variety of foods. In Burkina Faso, little information is available on the diversity of food consumed by children in major’s urban centers. Aim. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary diversity of children aged from 6 to 23 months and the associated determinants. Methods. The study consisted in the analysis of food data through a cross-sectional survey. Sphinx V5, IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 and XLSTAT 2016 software were used for data entry and processing. Results. The majority of mothers (50.16%) were between 26 and 35 years old and 95.31% lived with a partner. In total, 41.26% of women had secondary education levels while 44.66% were housewives. Breastfed children largely consumed cereals (95.31%), legumins (83.01%) and fruits (77.67%). Non-breastfed children also consumed mainly cereals (92.86%), legumins (85.71%) and fruits (75%). Minimum dietary diversity was achieved by 100% of non-breastfed children with a Mean Dietary Diversity Score (MDDS) of 5.75 groups versus 81.86% for breastfed children with MDDS of 4.45 food groups. The minimum acceptable diet was reached by 73.73% of breastfed children versus 92.85% for non-breastfed children. The analysis of factors associated with dietary diversity showed a correlation with the mothers’ education levels, the mothers’ occupation, the children’s gender, the number of daily meals and the consumption of some food groups. Conclusion. The food diversity indicators were generally satisfactory.

Keywords: Dietary diversity, Factors associated, Food groups, Minimum acceptable diet, Ouagadougou.

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